Future Tenses

Hi everyone!
To continue with our task, today we are going to review Future Tenses in English.

 

1. Future Simple

Form:

• Afirmative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb will and the main verb in its base form.
• Interrogative: Will precedes here the Subject, which is followed by the main verb in its base form.
• Negative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb will, the negative particle not and the main verb in its base form.

	1St / 2nd Sing	3rd Sing	1st /2nd /3rd Plu
Afirmative	I/You will work	He/She/It will work	You/We/They will work
Negative	I/You won't work	He/She/It won't work	You/We/They won't work
Interrogative	Will I/You work?	Will He/She/It work?	Will You/We/They work?

Use:

• Predictions and future facts.
  Robots will be more developed in the future.
• An appointed timetable.
  Maths lesson will start at 2 p.m.
• A spontaneous decision we decide while talking.
  My bike has just broken. I will buy a new one tomorrow.

Time Expressions

this evening/morning/afternoon.., in an hour, in two hours..., at _ o'clock, later, tomorrow, next month/week/year..., soon, in a few weeks/months/years..., in the future, on the 1^st , 27^th ... May/ April/September...

2. Be going to

Form:

• Afirmative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb to be inflected in the correct form of the Present simple, followed by the verb go in the ing form, then the preposition to and the main verb in the base form.
• Negative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb to be inflected in the correct form of the Present Simple, the negative particle not, followed by the verb go in the ing form, then the preposition to and the main verb in the base form.
• Interrogative: The Auxiliary Verb to be inflected in the correct form of the Present simple, then the Subject followed by the verb go in the ing form, then the preposition to and the main verb in the base form.

	1St / 2nd Sing	3rd Sing	1st /2nd /3rd Plu
Afirmative	I am going to work You are going to work	He/She/It is going to work	You/We/They are going to work
Negative	I am not going to work You arenot going to work	He/She/It is not going to work	You/We/They are not going to work
Interrogative	Am I going to work? Are you going to work?	Is He/She/It going to work?	Are You/We/They going to work?

Use:

• A planned action for the future. It is used to express purposes, plans and decisions that will happen in a near future.
  I am going to study English philology.
• An action that is about to happen. There is some evidence about it.
  She is going to New York City (she is in the airport).
  Time expressions
  this evening/morning/afternoon.., in an hour, in two hours..., at _ o'clock, later, tomorrow, next month/week/year..., soon, in a few weeks/months/years..., on the 1^st , 27^th ... May/ April/September...

3. Future Continuous

Form:

• Afirmative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb be in the Future Simple Form (will be) and the main verb ending in ing.
• Interrogative: Will precedes here the Subject, which is followed by the Auxiliary Verb be and the main verb ending in ing.
• Negative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb be in the Future Simple Form (will be), the negative particle and the main verb ending in ing.

	1St / 2nd Sing	3rd Sing	1st /2nd /3rd Plu
Afirmative	I/You will be working	He/She/It will be working	You/We/They will be working
Negative	I/You won't be working	He/She/It won't be working	You/We/They won't be working
Interrogative	Will I/You be working?	Will He/She/It be working?	Will You/We/They be working?

Use

• An action in progress at a certain future time.
  Tomorrow at 7 p.m, I will be taking my exam.
  Time expressions
  at this time tomorrow, tomorrow at _, next..., on Thursday, Wednesday..., in the nex year, decade...

4. Future Perfect Simple

Form:

• Afirmative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb have in the Future Simple Form (will have) and the main verb in the past participle.
• Interrogative: Will precedes here the Subject, which is followed by the Auxiliary Verb have and the main verb in the past participle.
• Negative: Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb have in the Future Simple Form (will have), the negative particle and the main verb in the past participle.

	1St / 2nd Sing	3rd Sing	1st /2nd /3rd Plu
Afirmative	I/You will have worked	He/She/It will have worked	You/We/They will have worked
Negative	I/You won't have worked	He/She/It won't have worked	You/We/They won't have worked
Interrogative	Will I/You have worked?	Will He/She/It have worked?	Will You/We/They have worked?

Use

• To indicate that an action will be finisihed in the future.
  I will have returned from London by this time next week.

Time expressions

by this time next week/year..., by _ o'clock, by the end of..., by then, by August, May..., in four, five... months, years, weeks,days...

5. Present Continuous

We can use the Present Continuous with future value to announce fixed actions that will take place in the near future. It is usually used with personal plans already fixed. It does not express a purpose, as be going to, but something that has been fixed in the past and that it is sure to happen. We can differentiate it from the Present value because of the time expression that is in the sentence, which in this case indicate future.

He is taking driving lessons tomorrow.

 CLASS ACTIVITY: This activity is recommended for groups of at least, 10 people. You have here ten different verbs. Construct a sentence using any of the tenses that you have just reviewed. Time expressions are recommended to use.

As usually we get really confused on what of these tenses choose because of their similarities, I would like you to see this video in which the differences between WILL and GOING TO are explained.

These are the exercises I have selected for you on this theme!
Future Forms
Fill the Gap

Finally, if you really want to practice the contents here explained, I hardly recommend you to write a composition about your plans for next summer (about 80-120 words).

Enjoy!!

Complex Tenses Review

Hi! 
In the post of this week we are going to continue with the review on English Tenses, in this case, with the Complex Tenses. 

The word forms of the complex tenses – the analytical word forms – do not consist of a single word, but of a combination of an auxiliary verb and a main verb.

3. Present Perfect Simple

Form:

•                     Afirmative: Subject followed by the Auxiliary Verb have inflected in its proper form (has when 3^rd person singular) and the main verb in the Past Participle. Past Participle is formed adding -ed to the main verb following the same rules as for the Past Simple Tense if the verb is regular. When the verb is irregular we have to learn it by heart.

•                     Negative: Subject followed by the Auxiliary Verb have inflected in its proper form (has when 3^rd person singular), the negative particle not and the main verb in the Past Participle.

•                     Interrogative: Subject and the Auxiliary Verb rotate, so have/has come before the Subject and then we find the main verb in the Past Particle.

Use:

•                     An action that began in the past and continues until the present. This is the reason why we can translate it into Spanish using the Present Tense.

I have lived in Sevilla for ten years.

•                     An action that took place at an undetermined time in the past, but it is connected to the present.

My mum has bought a new flat.

•                     No definite time is given for an event, but to emphasise the idea of recentness we can use just.

I've just broken my watch.

•                     Describe events that have not happened.

I haven't found her phone yet.

•         Series of actions in our life up to now.

I have been in France three times.

•         A habitual action in a period of time up to the present.

I have never worn a tie to work, and I refure to start now!

Time expressions

•                     Never, just, already and ever are used between the Auxiliary Verb and the Past Participle.

I' ve already finished my tasks.

•         Yet is found at the end of the clause.

I haven't read the book for the exam yet.

•         Just, never and already are used in the Afirmative, while in the Negative we use yet and in the Interrogative already, ever, just  and yet.

I have just fallen from my bed.

Have you ever been in New York?

•                     We use How long...? to ask when the action started (the action is still taking place).

How long have you lived here?

•         For is used to express the duration of an action and since to express when it started.

I have worked in the airport for two years / since 2009.

Present Perfect Continuous

Subject here is followed by the Auxiliary Verb  to be (have/has been) inflected in the Present Perfect Tense and the main verb in the -ing form.

The Present Perfect Continuous can also describe a state which lasts up to the present moment.

I've been living in this house for five years.

There is a little difference in meaning between simple and continuous in this case, or with How long questions.

How long have you lived/been living in this house?

We use this tense to emphasize the duration of the action, sometimes because of annoying.

I have been waiting for you for a million years!

Verbs like wait, sit, lie, stay... prefer the present perfect continuous.

I have been sitting next to you the whole time and you haven't noticed

4. Past Perfect Simple

Form:

•                     Afirmative: Subject followed by the Auxiliary Verb have inflected in the Past Tense (had) and the main verb in the Past Participle. Past Participle is formed adding -ed to the main verb following the same rules as for the Past Simple Tense if the verb is regular. When the verb is irregular we have to learn it by heart.

•                     Negative: Subject followed by the Auxiliary Verb have inflected in ithe Past Tense (had), the negative particle not and the main verb in the Past Participle.

•                     Interrogative: Subject and the Auxiliary Verb rotate, so had come before the Subject and then we find the main verb in the Past Participle.

Use:

•                     A completed action which took place before another action in the past, which is expressed in the Past Simple.

By the time he arrived home, his mum had already dead.

It is used to make it clear that one past event happens before another past event. The earlier event is expressed in the Past Perfect.

I suddenly remembered that I had forgotten my keys.

CLASS ACTIVITY:
This activity is recommended for groups of at least, 10 people. You have here ten different verbs. Construct a sentence using any of the tenses that you have just reviewed. Time expressions are recommended to use.

 EXERCISES:

 

Finally, I have selected two videos for you: the first one Present Perfect in movies and Tv shows is just for you to listen English during a few minutes. The second one would help you to clarify the difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect: Present perfect or past simple